Control signals of the PCM interface:
Signal | Description |
---|---|
LOS | (Loss Of Signal) There is no signal on the input of the PCM interface. |
AIS | (Alarm Indication Signal) Reception of a signal sequence (min. 512 bit) consisting of only ?1"s. It is given by the transmitting interface, if it goes wrong.
|
LOF | (Loss Of Frame alignment) There is no frame synch. This bit indicates that the PCM interface lost the frame synchronous signal. |
MAIS | (CAS Multiframe AIS) Reception of a signal sequence consisting only ?1?s (AIS) in the 16. timeslot of the PCM frame. |
LOMF | (Loss Of MultiFrame alignment) There is no CAS multiframe synch. Interface cannot find/lost the CAS multiframe synchronous signal in the PCM signal connected to the input. |
RAI | (Remote Alarm Indication) Remote alarm reception. This bit is the second bit of the 0. service timeslot of the PCM signal connected to the input. This bit was used for indicating the error occurred at a remote end of the PCM link. Example: +-------+ +-------+ | PCM A |--->--- x --->----| PCM B | LOS RAI | |--------<---------| | +-------+ +-------+ |
MRAI | Reception of a remote multiframe alarm. This bit is the 6. bit of the 16. timeslots of the PCM signal connected to the input, which timeslot is the 0. timeslot of the multiframe. This bit is used for indicating the loss of multiframe occurred at a remote point of the PCM link. |
CRC4 | No CRC4 frame. This bit indicates that the PCM interface lost the CRC-4 multiframe. |
RCRC | Remote CRC4 error. The interface evaluates the Si-bits in the 13. and 15. frames of the received PCM signal. These bits are used for indicating the CRC errors occurred at the remote point of the PCM link. |
SLIP | Slip error. This bit changes its state, when there is a slip between the PCM signal and the signal on the internal data bus of the instrument. |
ERR | Bit error in the received PCM signal |
PRBS | Loss of synch at the reception of a PRBS signal This bit indicates the stop of measurements executed with PRBS signals (e.g. BERT). Stopping criterion: if the error rate in the line is larger than 1E-2. |
Priority of the control information
Control information can generate a priority system, an error with higher level bans the indication of an error with lower level. Priority chain is the following:
Error at the highest level, if there is no signal (LOS), this bans the indication of every lowest errors. Second level is the AIS, and the third is the loss of frames (LOF, CRC4, LOMF).
Control signals are marked differently by the manufacturers. Examples
ITU-T-JEL | PCM30GS | EP2 | HP37732A |
---|---|---|---|
--- | ------ | ---- | SIGNAL PRESENT |
LOS | RCV 2M | SIGN | SIGNAL LOSS |
AIS | AIS 2M | AIS | AIS |
LOF | RCV 2M | FSYN | FRAME LOSS |
MAIS | AIS 16 | MAIS | -------- |
LOMF | MFA | MSYN | CAS MFRAME LOSS |
RAI | RMT 2M | ALM | REMOTE ALARM |
MRAI | RMT 16 | MALM | REMOTE MFRAME ALARM |
CRC4 | RCV 2M | CRC4 | CRC MFRAME LOSS |
RCRC | ------ | RCRC | ------- |
SLIP | ------ | SLIP | ------- |
BER | BER 10E-3 BER 10E-6 | ERR | ERROR |
PRBS | -------- | PRBS | PATTERN LOSS |
-------- | ---- | OCTET LOSS |